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Roger of Lauria (''c''. 1245 – 17 January 1305), was a Sicilian admiral in Aragonese service, who was the commander of the fleet of Aragon during the War of the Sicilian Vespers. He was probably the most successful and talented naval tactician of the medieval period. He is known as Ruggero or Ruggiero di Lauria in Italian and Roger de Llúria in Catalan. ==Biography== Roger of Lauria was born at Lauria or Scalea in southern Italy, the son of Richard of Lauria, Great Justiciar of the Kingdom of Sicily, and Donna Bella, a nurse of Constance of Sicily. His father had served under King Manfred of Sicily; when the last member of that family, Conradin of Swabia, was beheaded at Naples in 1268, he took refuge with other Ghibelline exiles at Barcelona (Principality of Catalonia), part of the Crown of Aragón with his mother. Later King Peter III of Aragon, who had married Constance of Hohenstaufen, made him knight together with Corrado Lancia, who was to be a comrade of Roger in many of his enterprises. In 1282 Roger was named commander of the Aragonese fleet, keeping this charge under Peter's successors James II and Frederick III. Roger of Lauria commanded the Aragonese fleet during the campaign to capture Sicily from the Angevins after the Sicilian Vespers revolt in 1282, which made the Aragonese rulers of Sicily. He fought and won six naval galley battles in total. On 8 July 1283 (Battle of Malta) he defeated the Angevins in the Grand Harbour of Malta. On 5 June 1284 (Battle of Castellammare), he defeated the Neapolitan fleet and even captured the enemy commander, Charles of Salerno (the future Charles II of Naples). On 4 September 1285 (Battle of Les Formigues) during the Aragonese Crusade, he defeated the French near Barcelona, which destroyed for a long time the French naval power in the Mediterranean. Within days, he had landed and took part in the Battle of the Col de Panissars. On 23 June 1287 (Battle of the Counts) he again defeated the Angevins near Naples, despite his fleet consisting of only forty ships against the enemys' eighty. After this victory, without any authorisation from King James, he made a truce with the Neapolitans. Observers noted that this truce probably deprived the Aragonese-Sicilians of the victory also on the mainland. When Frederick III was elected King of Trinacria (Sicily), Roger received as reward for his victories the fief of Aci and the annexed castle, stripped from the bishops of Catania. However, the relationship between the admiral and the young King soon soured; when the former passed to the Angevins, Aci was besieged and captured by Frederick, and Roger took refuge at his summer residence in Castiglione di Sicilia. Again besieged and defeated, he was arrested and brought to Palermo. However he managed to escape and left Sicily, while all his fiefs were confiscated. Roger therefore passed to the service of Edward I of England, to fight against the French. But, in spite of his promises, he returned to Italy, where, on 4 July 1299 (Battle of Cape Orlando), he defeated the Sicilians near Sicily, capturing eighteen enemy galleys. He had another victory on 14 June 1300 (Battle of Ponza), in which he defeated and captured king Frederick himself. After the Peace of Caltabellotta, he submitted to Frederick and received a whole pardon. He retreated to Cocentaina in the Kingdom of Valencia, where he died in 1305. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Roger of Lauria」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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